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transactions approach

Толкование Перевод

1 transactions approach

подход с точки зрения сделок (монетарная теория)

Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > transactions approach
2 transactions approach

Экономика: подход с точки зрения сделок (монетарная теория)

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > transactions approach
3 transactions approach

подход с точки зрения сделок (монетарная теория)

Англо-русский словарь по экономике и финансам > transactions approach
4 approach

1) аппроксимация, приближение; подход к решению || приближаться; подходить

2) метод; рассмотрение; подход; теория

- approach to a problem

- approach to policy making

- ability-to-pay approach

- ad hoc approach

- aggressive approach

- analog approach

- Bayesian approach

- benefit approach

- cash balance approach

- causal approach

- cost-benefit approach

- Delphi approach

- econometric approach

- elimination approach

- forecasting approach

- institutional approach

- maximum flow approach

- monetary indicator approach

- normative approach

- on-looker approach

- optimization approach

- portfolio approach

- present worth approach

- priority approach

- quantity theory approach

- rate-of-return approach

- restricted approach

- sales approachs

- shortest route approach

- simulation approach

- system approach

- transactions approach

- uniform annual cost approach

- worst-case approach

Англо-русский словарь по экономике и финансам > approach
5 tax on financial transactions

tax on financial transactions BANK, POL, STOCK, TAX Finanztransaktionssteuer f (a simple quantitative approach = Mengenansatz: spezifische Bankenabgabe auf das Volumen der Finanztransaktionen ähnlich der Tobin-Steuer auf Devisentransaktionen; kein Beitrag zum verlautbarten G20-Ziel der Systemstabilisierung, da sie falsch gesetzte Anreize zum Aufbau systemischer Risiken im Finanzbereich nicht korrigieren kann; als ‚Krisenkosten-Finanzierung’ ist die neue Steuer fiskalisch besonders attraktiv: wegen Popularität relativ geringer Steuerwiderstand = low resistance to taxation zu erwarten, sie ist aufkommensstark bei geringen Erhebungskosten = low collection cost; cf Tobin-Steuer; anders, aber systemstabilisierend: Pigou-Steuer auf Systemrisiken zur –annähernden– Internalisierung der extern –beim Staat bzw. Steuerzahler– anfallenden Kosten; cf Pigouvian tax = Pigou-Steuer, moral hazard = moralisches Risiko)

Englisch-Deutsch Fachwörterbuch der Wirtschaft > tax on financial transactions
6 balance

1. сущ.
1) остаток, сальдо, баланс

а) учет ( разность между итогами записей по дебету и кредиту счетов)

ATTRIBUTES: opening, closing, brought down, carried down, brought forward, carried forward, average, negative, positive, previous, running, current, net, gross, reserved, daily, monthly

COMBS:

balance of $10 — остаток в размере 10 долл.

A company had an opening inventory balance of $375,000 at the beginning of the fiscal year and a closing inventory balance at year-end of $125,000. — Остаток (товарно-материальных) запасов компании на начало отчетного периода составил 375 тыс. долл., а на конец периода — 125 тыс. долл.

balance on deposit — остаток на вкладе [на депозите\]

balance on capital account — остаток по счету движения капиталов

to draw up [make up\] balance — подводить итог, сводить баланс, выводить сальдо

to carry balance forward [down\], to carry forward [down\] balance, to carry over balance, to bring down balance — переносить остаток

to show balance — показывать баланс [остаток\]

See:

average balance, negative balance, positive balance, deficit, surplus, account balance 1), balance brought down, balance brought forward, balance carried down, balance due, balance of profit, balance of retained earnings, balance on hand, balance on order, book balance 1) а), cash balance, closing balance, credit balance 1) а), debit balance 1) а), intercompany balance, opening balance, balance column, direct test of financial balance, on balance

б) фин., банк. (сумма, оставшаяся на расчетном, кредитном или ином счете, напр., непогашенная часть займа, невыплаченная задолженность покупателя по поставленным товарам и т. п.; во мн. числе — остатки на счетах, активы, авуары)

ATTRIBUTES: low, high, due 2., unpaid, outstanding, adjusted, compensatory, compensation, available balance, usable, collected, uncollected, vested, clearing, unexpended, unclaimed, precautionary

dollar balance — долларовый баланс; остаток на счете в долларах

dollar balances — долларовые активы; остатки на счетах в долларах, долларовые счета, долларовые авуары

sterling balance — стерлинговый баланс, остаток на счете в фунтах-стерлингах

sterling balances — стерлинговые активы, остатки на счетах в фунтах-стерлингах, стерлинговые счета, стерлинговые авуары

to update balance — вывести новый остаток на счете, обновить остаток [баланс\]

to pay (off) balance — выплачивать остаток

to accumulated balance — накапливать средства (на счете)

He accumulated a healthy balance with the savings bank. — Он накопил значительные средства в сберегательном банке.

See:

account balance 2), available balance, balance due, balance of debt, book balance 2) б), cash balance, cleared balance, collected balance, compensating balance, credit balance 2) б), deficit balance 2), loan balance, outstanding balance, past due balance, previous balance, remaining balance, 1) б), unclaimed balances, uncollected balance, unexpended balances, unpaid balance, vested balance, zero balance, minimum balance requirement, no-minimum balance account, adjusted balance method, daily balance method, low balance method, zero-balance account COMBS: adjusted balance method, average daily balance method, past due balance method, previous balance method

в) межд. эк., фин. ( разность между стоимостью экспорта и импорта)

ATTRIBUTES: active, favourable, passive, adverse, unfavourable, negative, positive

balance of current transactions — баланс текущих операций, сальдо по текущим сделкам

balance of unclassified transactions — сальдо по неклассифицируемым операциям

See:

adverse balance, balance of merchandise trade, balance of payments, balance of services, balance of trade, balance on capital account, balance on current account, balance on goods and services, capital account balance, current account balance, deficit balance 1), favourable balance, foreign trade balance, goods and services balance, invisible balance, official reserves balance 2)

г) эк. (разница между любыми др. противоположно направленными потоками; напр., разница между денежными поступлениями и выплатами за определенный промежуток времени, разница между миграционными потоками, остаток товаров на складе и т. д.)

ATTRIBUTES: unencumbered, unobligated, on hand, on order, marginal

See:

balance of migration, budget balance, in-stock balance, investment income balance, inventory balance, migration balance, unencumbered balance, unobligated balances

2) учет, редк. баланс (документ, содержащий данные о разнонаправленных потоках, а также их сальдо; в данном значении термин употребляется в основном в устойчивых словосочетаниях)

See:

balance of payments 1), balance of services 1), balance of trade 1), balance sheet, commodity balance, external balance 1) б), foreign balance, official reserves balance 1), trial balance

3)

а) общ. баланс, равновесие (в прямом и переносном смысле: соответствие, равенство, пропорциональность, гармоническое сочетание)

ATTRIBUTES: stable, fair, external, internal, optimal, stochastic

delicate balance — неустойчивое равновесие

balance of mind — нормальное состояние рассудка

to distort [to disturb, to upset\] balance — нарушать равновесие

to upset balance of smth. — выводить что-л. из состояния равновесия

to hold balance — поддерживать равновесие (также: осуществлять власть, контроль)

to bring in balance with smth. — привести в соответствие с чем-л.

to keep in near balance — держаться почти в соответствии

to observe balance — поддерживать баланс, соблюдать баланс

to be out of balance — выйти из равновесия, находиться в неравновесном состоянии

See:

balance of power, balance of terror, stock balance 1), batch balance, advertising balance, cost-effectiveness, work-life balance, informal balance, formal balance, symmetrical balance, asymmetrical balance, social balance, colour balance, external balance 1) а), internal balance, balance of births and deaths, materials balance approach, general balance law, on balance

б) учет баланс, равенство (напр., численное совпадение общих остатков (оборотов) по дебету с общими остатками (оборотами) по кредиту по всем счетам бухгалтерского учета)

See:

balance off

4) торг. весы (инструмент для взвешивания чего-л.)

compression balance — пружинные весы

taring balance — весы для сыпучих материалов

torsion balance — крутильные весы, электрические весы Кулон

steelyard balance — безмен

elevator balance — элеваторные весы

floating balance — прибор для определения размера зерен в жидкости

waggon balance — вагонные весы

pan balance — чашечные весы

platform balance — платформенные весы

See:

weight

5) общ. баланс, уравновешивающая сила

See:

COMBS: checks and balances
2. гл.
1) общ. балансировать, сбалансировать, уравновешивать, приводить в равновесие

to balance the budget — балансировать бюджет, составлять сбалансированный бюджет

to balance trade — балансировать торговлю

to balance foreign trade — балансировать внешнюю торговлю; приводить в соответствие экспорт и импорт

If America wants to balance trade, it must export more, or use less oil. — Если Америка хочет сбалансировать торговлю, она должна больше экспортировать или потреблять меньше нефти.

See:

balance the budget, government expenditure, government receipts

2) учет выводить сальдо, подводить итог, подытоживать, сводить, закрывать

to balance account — выводить сальдо по счету

to balance the books — закрыть счета, вывести сальдо, подвести итог (по балансу)

to balance the ledger — закрыть главную книгу

At the end of your accounting year, you will have to balance the books for tax purposes and to check on the financial health of the company. — В конце отчетного периода вы должны будете подвести итоги по балансу для целей налогообложения и проверить финансовое состояние компании.

to balance (one's) gain and loss — подводить итог (чьим-л.) приходу и расходу [прибылям и убыткам\]

Accounts do not balance (total debits don’t equal total credits). — Счета не сходятся (сумма дебетовых сальдо не равна сумме кредитовых сальдо).

Syn:

balance off, close, write up

See:

balance the books

3) банк. выверять, согласовывать (выверять состояние банковского счета путем сравнения банковской выписки со счета с чековой книжкой или учетными записями клиента)

to balance account — выверять состояние (банковского) счета

Syn:

reconcile

See:

bank statement 1)

4) эк. компенсировать(ся); нейтрализовать(ся), противопоставлять(ся), взаимопогашать(ся)

the advantages more than balance the disadvantages — достоинства вполне покрывают недостатки

Syn:

balance out

5) общ. взвешивать, обдумывать; сопоставлять

to balance probabilities — сопоставлять вероятности

See:

balancing, balanced
3. прил.
1) учет балансовый ( относящийся к бухгалтерскому балансу)

Syn:

balance sheet 2.

See:

balance account, balance book, balance form of account, balance date, balance 1. 2)

2) общ. балансовый (основанный на равенстве (равновесии, балансе) отдельных частей)

See:

balance method, balance model, balance theory, balance 1. 3)

3) учет, бирж. итоговый, сальдовый, остаточный, балансовый

See:

balance column, balance certificate, balance 1. 1)

* * *
Bal balance баланс: 1) баланс, сальдо, остаток; 2) разница между дебетом и кредитом счета; остаток денег на счете; см. credit balance;
debit balance;
3) to balance - рассчитывать разницу между дебетом и кредитом; выравнивать дебет и кредит счета; 4) балансовая стоимость актива или пассива; 5) = balance sheet; 6) = balance due.
* * *

статок; сальдо
. . Словарь экономических терминов .

Англо-русский экономический словарь > balance
7 Lister, Joseph, Baron Lister

SUBJECT AREA: Medical technology

[br]

b. 5 April 1827 Upton, Essex, England

d. 10 February 1912 Walmer, Kent, England

[br]

English surgeon, founder of the antiseptic and aseptic principles of surgical practice.

[br]

Of Quaker stock, his father also being a Fellow of the Royal Society, he studied medicine at University College, London. He qualified, and became a Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons, in 1852. Wishing to pursue a surgical career, he moved to Edinburgh to study surgery under William Syme, whose daughter he married in 1852, the same year he was appointed Assistant Surgeon to the Edinburgh Royal Infirmary.

Until his appointment as Regius Professor of Surgery at Glasgow University and Glasgow Royal Infirmary in 1861, he was engaged in a wide variety of investigations into the nature of inflammation and the effects of irritants on wounds. Following his move to Glasgow, he became particularly involved in the major problems arising out of the vast increase in the number of surgical procedures brought about by the recent introduction of general anaesthesia. By 1865 his continuing study of wound inflammation and the microbial studies of Pasteur had led him to institute in the operating theatre a regime of surgical antisepsis involving the use of a carbolic acid spray coupled with the sterilization of instruments, the site of operation and the hands of the operator. Increasingly it was appreciated that the air was the least important origin of infection, and by 1887 the antiseptic approach had been superseded by the aseptic.

In 1869 he succeeded Syme in the Chair at Edinburgh and his methods were widely accepted abroad. In 1877 he moved to the Chair of Surgery at King's College Hospital, London, in the hope of encouraging acceptance of his work in the metropolis. As well as developing a variety of new surgical procedures, he was engaged for many years in the development of surgical ligatures, which had always been a potent stimulant of infection. His choice of catgut as a sterilizable, absorbable material paved the way for major developments in this field. The Lister Institute of Preventive Medicine was named in his honour in 1903.

[br]

Principal Honours and Distinctions

Created Baronet 1883. Baron 1897. Order of Merit 1902. President, Royal Society 1895– 1900.

Bibliography

1870, "On the effects of the antiseptic system of treatment upon the salubrity of a surgical hospital", Lancet.

1859, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society.

1863, Croonian Lecture.

1881, 1900, Transactions of the International Medical Congress.

Further Reading

R.J.Godlee, 1924, Lord Lister.

1927, Lister Centenary Handbook, London: Wellcome Historical Medical Museum. H.C.Cameron, 1948, Joseph Lister, the Friend of Man.

MG

Biographical history of technology > Lister, Joseph, Baron Lister
8 FAST

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8) Биржевой термин: Financial Agent Secured Transactions

9) Музыка: Feed A Songwriter Today

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21) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: fracture assisted steamflooding

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26) Энергосистемы: facility for accelarated service testing

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31) Правительство: Fair And Simple Tax

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Универсальный англо-русский словарь > FAST
9 fast

1) Компьютерная техника: Flexible Architecture Simulator Tool, Functional Analysis Systems Technique

2) Медицина: Fourier artefact suppression technology, focused abdominal sonogram for trauma

3) Американизм: Fast Action Stops Torture, Federal Acquisition Services For Technology, Free And Secure Trade, Frequent Accurate Specific And Timely

4) Спорт: Fans Against Scalping Tickets, Father And Son Team, Functional Agility Speed And Technique, Functional Agility Strength Training

5) Военный термин: Field Assistance in Science and Technology, Fleet Antiterrorism Security Team, Fleet Antiterrorism Support Team, Fleet Antiterrorist Support Teams, Forward Area Support Terminal, fast acquisition, search and tracking, fast automatic search and tracking, fence against satellite threats, force and supply tracking, forecasting and scheduling technique, foreign area specialist training, forward air strike task, forward airborne surveillance and tracking, frequency agile search and track, functional analysis system technique, fuze and sensing techniques, Forward Area Support Team (terminal), Подразделение обеспечения безопасности флота против терроризма

6) Техника: Fairchild advanced Schottky technology, facility for automatic sorting and testing, failure analysis by statistical technique, fast acquisition, search and track, fixed abrasive slicing technique, fuel aerosol simulation test, fuel assembly stability test, Functions Analysis Systems Technique

7) Юридический термин: Fast Action Service Team, Foster Allegation Support Team, Freely Available Software Technology

8) Биржевой термин: Financial Agent Secured Transactions

9) Музыка: Feed A Songwriter Today

10) Телекоммуникации: Field Automated Subscriber Testing

11) Сокращение: Facility Access Shipment and Tracking system (another translation of above), Facility Access and Shipment Tracking system (manages drop ship appointments, 2005), Fleet Anti-terrorism Security Team, Fleet Anti-terrorist Security Team, Fly Away Satellite Terminal, Forecasted Annually Shipped Timely (centralized procurement system), Forward Area Shelterized Terminal, Fully Automatic Scoring Target, Fuze Activating Static Targets, fast automatic shuttle transfer, Facility for Accelerated Service Testing, Группы оказания помощи пострадавшим семьям (Family Services Teams)

12) Университет: Facetted Application Of Subject Terminology, Faculty Academic Support Team, Fordham Alumni Student Teams

13) Физиология: Focused Abdominal Sonography For Trauma, Fortified Amino Scalp Therapy

14) Вычислительная техника: Federation Against Software Theft, First Application System Test, Fast ARM Solutions Toolkit (ARM, Palm, PDA), Fast Auroral SnapshoT explorer (Space)

15) Нефть: гидроразрыв с использованием пара высокого давления, (process) fracture-assisted steamflood technology (process)

16) Иммунология: fiber-optic array scanning technology, fluoroallergosorbent test

17) Космонавтика: Fast Auroral Snapshot Explorer

18) Транспорт: Final Approach Spacing Tool

19) Экология: Fixed Activated Sludge Treatment (mine)

20) Деловая лексика: Factory Authorized Service Teams, Fast Automated Screen Trading, Flexible Accelerated Securities Transfer

21) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: fracture assisted steamflooding

22) Нефтегазовая техника гидроразрыв с использованием пара высокого давления (fracture assisted steamflooding)

23) Образование: Families And School Together, Families And Schools Together, Family And School Together, Fun After School Teens

24) Океанография: Flow Actuated Sediment Trap, Fore- Aft Scanning Technique

25) Пожарное дело: группа поиска и спасения (личный состав, назначаемый для поиска и спасения оказавшихся в опасности пожарных (Firefighter Assist and Search Team))

26) Энергосистемы: facility for accelarated service testing

27) Нефть и газ: Field Asset Strategy Team

28) Автодорожное право: Facilitate Acceleration through Special Technique, Ускорение развития путем использования специальных методов

29) Общественная организация: Food Allergies Survivors Together

30) Должность: Firefighter Assistance Search Team, Food And Agricultural Sciences And Technology

31) Правительство: Fair And Simple Tax

32) Программное обеспечение: Fully Active Starburst Technology

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > fast
10 Hunter, John

SUBJECT AREA: Medical technology

[br]

b. 14 (registered 13) February 1728 East Kilbride, Lanarkshire, Scotland

d. 16 October 1793 London, England

[br]

Scottish surgeon and anatomist, pioneer of experimental methods in medicine and surgery.

[br]

The younger brother of William Hunter (1718–83), who was of great distinction but perhaps of slightly less achievement in similar fields, he owed much of his early experience to his brother; William, after a period at Glasgow University, moved to St George's Hospital, London. In his later teens, John assisted a brother-in-law with cabinet-making. This appears to have contributed to the lifelong mechanical skill which he displayed as a dissector and surgeon. This skill was particularly obvious when, after following William to London in 1748, he held post at a number of London teaching hospitals before moving to St George's in 1756. A short sojourn at Oxford in 1755 appears to have been unfruitful.

Despite his deepening involvement in the study of comparative anatomy, facilitated by the purchase of animals from the Tower menagerie and travelling show people, he accepted an appointment as a staff surgeon in the Army in 1760, participating in the expedition to Belle Isle and also serving in Portugal. He returned home with over 300 specimens in 1763 and, until his appointment as Surgeon to St George's in 1768, was heavily involved in the examination of this and other material, as well as in studies of foetal testicular descent, placental circulation, the nature of pus and lymphatic circulation. In 1772 he commenced lecturing on the theory and practice of surgery, and in 1776 he was appointed Surgeon-Extraordinary to George III.

He is rightly regarded as the founder of scientific surgery, but his knowledge was derived almost entirely from his own experiments and observations. His contemporaries did not always accept or understand the concepts which led to such aphorisms as, "to perform an operation is to mutilate a patient we cannot cure", and his written comment to his pupil Jenner: "Why think. Why not trie the experiment". His desire to establish the aetiology of gonorrhoea led to him infecting himself, as a result of which he also contracted syphilis. His ensuing account of the characteristics of the disease remains a classic of medicine, although it is likely that the sequelae of the condition brought about his death at a relatively early age. From 1773 he suffered recurrent anginal attacks of such a character that his life "was in the hands of any rascal who chose to annoy and tease him". Indeed, it was following a contradiction at a board meeting at St George's that he died.

By 1788, with the death of Percival Pott, he had become unquestionably the leading surgeon in Britain, if not Europe. Elected to the Royal Society in 1767, the extraordinary variety of his collections, investigations and publications, as well as works such as the "Treatise on the natural history of the human teeth" (1771–8), gives testimony to his original approach involving the fundamental and inescapable relation of structure and function in both normal and disease states. The massive growth of his collections led to his acquiring two houses in Golden Square to contain them. It was his desire that after his death his collection be purchased and preserved for the nation. It contained 13,600 specimens and had cost him £70,000. After considerable delay, Par-liament voted inadequate sums for this purpose and the collection was entrusted to the recently rechartered Royal College of Surgeons of England, in whose premises this remarkable monument to the omnivorous and eclectic activities of this outstanding figure in the evolution of medicine and surgery may still be seen. Sadly, some of the collection was lost to bombing during the Second World War. His surviving papers were also extensive, but it is probable that many were destroyed in the early nineteenth century.

[br]

Principal Honours and Distinctions

FRS 1767. Copley Medal 1787.

Bibliography

1835–7, Works, ed. J.F.Palmer, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, London.

MG

Biographical history of technology > Hunter, John

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